Smash Factor or Efficiency is mostly related to where the ball is contacting the face, or Aspect #4 in Impact-Based® Instruction. Face to path variances can also play a role. Once you have the 5 dynamics, one looks for how to improve the 5 Aspects of impact and how to make them more consistent. Ground force activation is most helpful in this regard and I find my students improve Smash Factor when they work with me on our new Swing Catalyst 3D motion pressure plate in our studio in Naples, Fl.
